Poultry Litter and Inorganic Fertilization: Effects on Biomass Yield, Metal and Nutrient Concentration of Three Mixed-Season Perennial Forages

Poultry litter and fertilizers are normally added as soil amendments. The effects of poultry inorganic on three mixed-season perennial forages were studied for two years in the field to understand growth dynamics, metals, nutrient uptake. primary objective was investigate heavy metal concentrations, biomass yield forage potential a cool-season forage, stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.), relative warm-season forages, bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Forage cuttings samples analyzed metals nutrients using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Total higher by 66% 50% bermudagrass, respectively, compared with first year. While yielded more over concentrations significantly all elements forage. Stinging showed greater macro-nutrient uptake 103.20 kg ha−1, 0.87 27.49 ha−1 32.08 Ca, Fe, Mg, P, except K 223.51 267.29 283.96 respectively. Heavy also but within allowable limits indicating its resource cycling, particularly when double-cropped forages.